在Ubuntu系统中安装常用软件

发表于 更新于 分类于 Waline：

在进行软件安装命令apt前，尽可能的进行一次更新操作：

sudo apt update

Java

2020年9月7日更新

  • 安装（默认 JDK-11）

    sudo apt install default-jdk

    # 如果只需要Java运行环境，那么可以只安装JRE
    sudo apt install default-jre

  • 确认版本

    java -version
    # 输出
    openjdk 11.0.8 2020-07-14
    OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.8+10-post-Ubuntu-0ubuntu118.04.1)
    OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 11.0.8+10-post-Ubuntu-0ubuntu118.04.1, mixed mode, sharing)

  • 安装 JDK-8

    sudo apt install openjdk-8-jdk

  • 多版本切换

    sudo update-alternatives --config java
    # 输出
    There are 2 choices for the alternative java (providing /usr/bin/java).
      Selection    Path                                            Priority   Status
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    * 0            /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/java      1111      auto mode
      1            /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/java      1111      manual mode
      2            /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java   1081      manual mode
    Press <enter> to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number:

    根据需要输入对应版本前的序号即可。

  • 配置 JAVA_HOME 变量

    sudo update-alternatives --config java
    • JDK-11 的路径为：/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/java
    • JDK-8 的路径为：/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java

    在 /etc/environment 文件末尾添加：

    JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64"

    更新一下：

    source /etc/environment

    验证一下：

    echo $JAVA_HOME
    # 输出
    /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64

Node.js 和 npm

  • 通过 apt 安装

    sudo apt install nodejs npm

  • 更新

    • 安装nvm
      curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.4/install.sh | bash
      wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.4/install.sh | bash
      source ~/.bashrc
      nvm ls-remote
      nvm install --lts
      nvm use --lts

Yarn

  • 跳过 node 安装

    sudo apt install --no-install-recommends yarn

Nginx

  • 安装

    sudo apt install nginx

  • 查看 Nginx 状态：

    sudo systemctl status nginx

  • 停止 Nginx：

    sudo systemctl stop nginx

  • 重启 Nginx：

    sudo systemctl restart nginx

Docker

DaoCloud

curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/docker | sh
docker --version

卸载

sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine

卸载Docker后,/var/lib/docker/目录下会保留原Docker的镜像,网络,存储卷等文件. 如果需要全新安装Docker,需要删除/var/lib/docker/目录

rm -fr /var/lib/docker/

安装 mysql、redis

sudo docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root -d mysql:latest
sudo docker run -p 6379:6379 --name redis -d redis:latest

Docker Compose

curl -L https://get.daocloud.io/docker/compose/releases/download/1.29.2/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` > /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
docker-compose --version

tldr

命令帮助工具

sudo npm install -g tldr

neofetch

命令行系统信息工具

sudo apt install neofetch

zsh & oh-my-zsh

# 安装 zsh
sudo apt install zsh

# 更换默认 SHELL
chsh -s $(which zsh)

# 安装 oh-my-zsh
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"

由于网络原因下载慢的，可以使用下面的备份地址

https://gitee.com/mirrors/oh-my-zsh/raw/master/tools/install.sh

sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://gitee.com/mirrors/oh-my-zsh/raw/master/tools/install.sh)"

zsh 插件推荐

  • zsh-autosuggestions
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions
  • zsh-syntax-highlighting
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting

.zshrc 文件修改如下

plugins=(zsh-autosuggestions zsh-syntax-highlighting)